Friday, June 14, 2013


OLDER PET…SHE'S FORGETTING EVERYTHING!   COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION.

By Zoe Forward, DVM, Dipl. ABVP (canine/feline)

Does it seem like your cat is having “senior moments” such as forgetting where she is?  Is your dog gazing off into the horizon or forgetting which side of the door to go out of?  These are signs of cognitive dysfunction.  Other signs might include house-training problems, apparent memory loss, disorientation, confusion, wandering, getting stuck in corners, sleep disturbances (waking at the wrong time, sleeping unusually deeply, night pacing), restlessness, barking, separation anxiety, panting, drooling, obsessive licking, etc.

Just because your pet is getting old doesn’t mean we need to stand on the sidelines and let him get old. There are things we can do to intervene and improve your pet’s ability to function and improve its quality of life.

What is Cognitive Dysfunction? Cognitive dysfunction is a decline in learning, memory or awareness due to age-related changes in the brain and is reflected by varying states of dementia. To us the problems seem psychological, but the root of the problem is actually physical. Over time the brains of dogs and cats undergo oxidative damage, neuronal loss and the development of B-amyloid plaques. Although human brains with Alzheimer’s disease develop other pathology that is not seen in canine or feline brains, they also develop these B-amyloid plaques.

Unfortunately, we do not have an easy test to diagnose this problem. As of right now this is a diagnosis of exclusion which means we rule out all other issues that could cause the signs seen and if nothing else is found then we assume it is cognitive dysfunction.

How do we help?

Step One: Diet. Specialists recommend putting the pet on an oxidant rich diet such as (for dogs) Hill’s prescription diet b/d or Purina One Vibrant Maturity 7+ Senior formula.  Many also recommend fish oil because omega fatty acids might be good for the brain.

Step Two: Drug therapy. Selegiline which is used to treat human dementia, is the only medication with a veterinary indication to treat cognitive dysfunction.

Step Three: Supplements.  There are several supplements that have been shown to improve cognitive dysfunction including:

-          Neutricks (Quincy Animal Health), which contains apoaequorin

-          Novofit (Virbac Animal Health), which contains S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe)

-          Activait (Vet Plus Ltd) or Senilife (CEVA Animal Health), which contain phosphatidylserine and a mix of antioxidants

Step Four: Exercise.  Exercise is an important component of the program. Taking your dog for a leash walk enables him to use all his senses, but make sure to understand his limitations. That means if he has terrible arthritis, then don’t turn a simple walk into an endurance contest.  Just don’t overdo it. Staying active helps dementia.  Mental exercises also help – this means training, food manipulation toys and games.


Nighttime problems (dogs)

Many dogs seem to have more trouble at night. They sleep all day and are awake all night. They pace. They make noise. They might be anxious or uncomfortable.  For dogs, use of the supplement melatonin can help to promote sedation and is an antioxidant.  As well for dogs adding in the supplement Anxitane (suntheanine, Virbac) can help anxiety.

It’s important to remember Cognitive dysfunction is a progressive problem that cannot be cured. We have more hope of improving your pet’s life if we catch this issue in the early phases. If the disease has progressed, then most medications and supplements will not provide much improvement.
 
Information provided by Veterinary Practice News (vol 25, Number 6) and veterinarypartner.com.  Photo istock.com.

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